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one of the main emissions of the

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International Space Station is to

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provide us a way to learn what it's

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going to take for humans to live in

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space a long term and that covers

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everything from what the absence of

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gravity does to astronauts bones and

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muscles and also all the way down to

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more simple things like what it's like

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to drink a glass of water in orbit the

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dragon cargo ship that arrived at the

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station last week is carrying an

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experiment known as the capillary

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beverage and that may change the way

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that astronauts drink in space so this

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morning we're going to learn more about

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it from the principal investigator of

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the experiment dr. mike weis local the

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vice president and senior scientists at

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the research foreign firm IRP i and a

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professor of mechanical engineering at

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Portland State University in Portland

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Oregon mark yes

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thanks so much for joining us so you

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know I shouldn't have been straight

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drinking through straws all these years

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I guess are there are there reasons to

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change that or their disadvantages to it

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well there are certainly reasons to do

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it I mean you can imagine flavored

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drinks being reconstituted from powders

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being an absolute nightmare with gravity

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gun and it's a real challenge problem

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and solved by having it done in a bag it

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doesn't mean there aren't any hazards

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with bags you could easily hiccup with

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your hand holding one of the bags and

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you would squeeze the bag and send out a

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jet of liquid you know or you could that

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kind of thing there are still some

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hazards with it but confined to the

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galley it's probably okay with a cup the

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astronauts would have an experience kind

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of like Earth and you'd be able to smell

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the aromas and you'd be able to

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experience that kind of bonding

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phenomenon that takes place when you're

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drinking a cup of coffee with friends

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during a break and that can relieve some

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of those stresses that are up there so

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there definitely I guess a psychological

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advantage to that experience to making

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the connection yes there is that there

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there could also be one for instance

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picturing a long-duration mission where

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you use reusable cups instead of

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thousands of disposable drink bags you

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can expect maybe a significant savings

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in volume and mass also but here this

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is largely about fun and that was the

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idea about it in the first place and I

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can tell you more about that if you want

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to but whatever okay well let's back up

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just a little bit I know this builds on

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some earlier experiments that weren't I

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guess necessarily aimed at such a fun

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experiment but in capillary flow can you

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just kind of go back and explain a

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little bit about that for us okay so

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we've been doing a lot of work in drop

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towers and low gravity aircraft and

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shuttle experiments and things over the

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years and recently I'd say over the last

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eight years or so we've had several a

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slew of experiments that the astronauts

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have performed as well as robotic

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experiments that that all look at how

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liquids behave when gravity the effects

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of gravity are small so what we're doing

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is we're changing the shapes of

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containers and in such a manner that the

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liquid moves to the right locations

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passively spontaneously and it's driven

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by surface tension and wetting forces

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but it's also crazy geometry and we're

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developing the methods to do that so

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that you don't use pumps you don't use

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centrifuge you don't need gravity the

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container determines its own bottom and

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so where you know where the liquid is

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when it's time to use it we're trying to

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make plumbing in space mundane instead

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of this aggravating you know scary

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actionable process it's a terrible thing

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to try to flush the toilet for instance

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and then where's the water or to drain

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the fuel tank but where's the fuel that

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kind of thing to feed to drink feed the

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mice with with water at least but

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where's the water that kind of thing so

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we want that to be passive we wanted

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that to be mundane we want those

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challenges to go away and these are and

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the coffee cup for instance or the the

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beverage is an example of how we can do

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this in a day to day you know living in

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space kind of way so that's just a very

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practical example of the research you've

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been doing right I think so

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what spawned it was this the Italian

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espresso machine the is espresso that's

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going up and the fact that there's these

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complex drinks that are up there and

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then it just steamrolled from

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but thanks for something like this well

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I know astronaut Don Pettit created

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something that looked kind of similar

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back when he was on the space station

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and I think 2008 is that if you worked

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with him on that right did that that

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spark the idea here associated with that

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and so we emailed him hey you could do

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this and that and he went over to the he

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got some materials that were on space

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station and constructed this thing and

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that demonstrated the the phenomena and

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how you can replace the role of gravity

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with that of surface tension wetting and

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geometric shape of the container and now

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the the new one though is full-blown

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design so now here we use the design

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models that we use for industrial design

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or commercial aerospace or NASA related

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aerospace stuff bring it all together in

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us in a cup and she's complicated and

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but it can be 3d printed and here we're

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gonna dink around during meal time but

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we also to expect to get quality science

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from this to verify and validate the

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models that we use so it's really got

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this two pronged effort you know well I

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saw that the crew is actually gonna

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demonstrate these these cups today so

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what what exactly is the experiment is

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there data that they'll be collecting or

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just seeing of the world okay I think

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they're unpacking things today if

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they're actually experimenting it's new

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it's the information to me if they're

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gonna be using it today but we're on to

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our call so we're on the task list to be

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run at any time but this is this is an

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example of the cup okay so this thing's

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just a 3d printed out of a transparent

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polymer and it's been it's been run

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through a series of tests to render it

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you know say safe to drink it can be

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drink and we have go ahead for all 50

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drinks on the space station and right

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now we're touch temperature drinks but

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once we demonstrated safe then we can

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maybe pursue hot beverages like tea

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coffee things like this what was I

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saying

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oh yeah so so this

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okay this is a demitasse its first shot

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of espresso okay there are six cups like

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this on the space station this one is a

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small one the other ones are a little

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larger some with handles some with

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different shapes the astronaut will use

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a drink bag to fill the cup and then

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enjoy it in the galley

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just drinking like this so once a

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connection is made with the lip the

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entire contents can be drained into the

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mouth and it'll be pretty much like a

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drink experience the nose will be

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centered over little over the opening so

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you'll get a nice whiff of whatever

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it'll feel somewhat like earth it'll be

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different you'll adapt but it'll have

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much that same feeling the thing is only

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20% of the activities though are for fun

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in the galley 80% of the effort is

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actually going to be out in the in the

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in the laboratory with cameras

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orthogonal views HD visualization

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damping video and we expect to get

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profile views of good magnified profile

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views of what the surface shape looks

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like the drain rates the flow rates the

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stability everything about it and the

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point of that is to provide what we call

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validation and verification of all the

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models that we use there are complex

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drinks the wedding isn't perfect all of

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these things that all will will actually

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really improve our knowledge for

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designing systems for wastewater

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processing on Space Station for drinks

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perhaps you know how how you process

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urine and brines and things downstream

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condensates water water supply this kind

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of stuff so it's actually going to be

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very valuable data to us and we actually

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want to turn around and use it for

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advanced systems design that's that's

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our intention well that's a great way to

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test it it sounds fascinating so we

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can't wait to see the crew hopefully

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using them pretty soon and definitely

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the results as they start to come in

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thank you so much for joining us mark we

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really appreciate it and again that was

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a mark wise local who's the vice